Early Roman Urbanism
See also Roman Urbanism
Etruscans living in the 6th dominated the region and Etruscan kings were ruling Rome and would be ejected later. Before that happened in 509BC they built a temple of Jupiter OMC. Etruscans lived in Tuscany and around Florence with a capital called Etruria juno and minerva (capitaloline triad) (one of the seven hills) . Momument had a single staircase, three spaces (]]architecture::cella]]) one for each God. free standing columns large facade/portico/triangual pediment. - It looks back to the Greek Pantheon - yet still distinctive. panethon has lower pedastall, no single staircase - no triple cella and Pantheon used Marble. Alter is outside the Roam temple.
Gallic tribes in 386bc set the city ablaze only the temple survived. After the sack Romans started alot of wall building - Roman walls went around the entire 7 hills with headers and stretchers built out of rectangular large tofa blocks Falery Novi - walls 241-200BC peporino stone and orange tufa. One of the earliest Roman arches using wedge shaped blocks to fit into arch.
Ostia (founded 350BC) perfectly regular rectangle/square wall Capscan (north south street (cardo) and east west street Decumanus Maximus) Forum was at the intersection of the two roads)
Temple of Portunas in Rome are assimilating Greek and Etruscan - deep porch, free standing at the frint. Columns attached to the wall one stair case and built of stone (Travertine from Tivoli)deep podium. walls of tufa but stuccoed to make it marble like. Ionic frieze and column capitals. At some time in the future they turned it in to a church with the deep porch walled in
Cori - medieval hill town. Hill Temple of Hercules. Etruscan plan - deep porch with free standing columns. Facade orientation single cella, one staircase. Not a periphehral Colonade. This has pilasters. Doric. Triglyfs and Metopes. Flutes are not at the bottom becuase as poeple hit them the flutes fell off.
Tivoli Temple of Vesta 80BC Round temple. Greek influence. Free standing columns - but one staircase and facade orientation. Corinthian order with frieze with garlands. Very tall podium. Travertine. Concrete wall for the cella. Easier than carving stone in a curve. It was faced with stones to keep out the water and give it a stone like appearance. Has Coffered ceiling.
Inceasingly more ostenacious gilded ceilings painted walls, marble - More Greek. Sulla sacks Athens - goes to temple of Zeus and steals columns and puts them in Jupiter OMC
