Roman Cities Near Pompeii

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Cumae

Located: Near the bay of Naples

Founded when and by whom: Euboean colony, founded c.740 bc. It was the earliest colony on the Italian mainland, and dominated coastal Campania from 700, in turn founding Neapolis. In 421, it fell to the Oscans. Although substantially Oscanized, Greek culture was not eradicated. During the Archaic period, it had enjoyed cordial relations with Rome, but they soured after the Oscan conquest.

Taken over by the Romans: It became a cīvitās sine suffrāgiō in 338, and remained loyal to Rome in the Punic Wars. In 180 it adopted Latin as its official language, and probably obtained full citizenship soon after. The developing port of Puteoli eclipsed Cumae economically, but it remained important. Many of the Roman élite had villas there, and the harbour and acropolis were sumptuously rebuilt by Augustus, who also granted Cumae colonial status.

Capua

Located: Campania

Founded:in 6th C BC was an Etruscan city and head of a league of twelve cities. Around 425 BC was taken over by the Oscans. (c 325BC) During the Samnite wars was loyal to the Romans. This resulted in Roman control of north Campania. Factions later defected to Carthage and an ally of Hannibal. (c. 211BC)

Taken over by the Romans: After the revolt leaders were executed. A colony is founded in 83BC and full civic rights granted in 58BC'

Neapolis

Located:: The modern city of Naples in Campania


Founded: Cumaean colony founded c.600 bc. After the fall of Cumae (421), it was the principal Greek city of Campania. Unlike Cumae, it made an accommodation with the Oscans, admitting a number of them into the Neapolitan élite. In 327, it was drawn into the conflict between Rome and the Samnites, initially supporting the Samnites.


Taken over by the Romans: Naples remained a Roman ally (see socii) throughout the Pyrrhic (see Pyrrhus) and Punic Wars, and became a municipium in 89. In 82, it was sacked by Sulla and its war fleet destroyed, but it recovered and became a fashionable resort for Romans attracted by its Greek culture.


Nuceria Alfaterna

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Located: Near modern day Sorento 40.733333°, 14.666667

Founded: After the defeat of 474 BC in the sea of Cuma , the Etruscans are leaving the region and it passes to the Samnites . It was one of the most important cities of ancient Campania . It became the capital of a confederation (League of Nuceria) that included Pompeii , Herculaneum , Stabia and Sorrento


Taken over by the Romans:: Was hostile to the Romans during the Second Samnite War . In defeat became an ally of Rome in 307 BC. In 216 BC it was destroyed by Hannibal because of its fidelity to the Romans. At the end of the war was rewarded by the Romans with a complete reconstruction. . It was still sacked during the Social War as a result of which it received Roman citizenship, Augustus (in 42BC), made the city became the colony.

Appraently the peoples of Nuceria and Pompeii got in to a riot during Emperor Nero's reign according to Tacitus

a trifling beginning led to frightful bloodshed between the inhabitants of Nuceria and Pompeii, at a gladiatorial show exhibited by Livineius Regulus, who had been, as I have related, expelled from the Senate. With the unruly spirit of townsfolk, they began with abusive language of each other; then they took up stones and at last weapons, the advantage resting with the populace of Pompeii, where the show was being exhibited. And so there were brought to Rome a number of the people of Nuceria, with their bodies mutilated by wounds, and many lamented the deaths of children or of parents. The emperor entrusted the trial of the case to the Senate, and the Senate to the consuls, and then again the matter being referred back to the Senators, the inhabitants of Pompeii [1]

  1. Tacitus The Histories Book XIV

Puteoli

Located: 12km north of Naples

Founded: The earliest settlement was a Greek foundation, Dicaearchia (c.521 bc)


Taken over by the Romans:: It was an important harbour in the war against Hannibal, and became a Roman colony in 194BC

Stabiae

40.699586°, 14.491995

Located: 4.5km South west of Pompeii

Founded: Originally a small port, the 6th century BC It was an Oscan settlement O from the 7th to the 3rd centuries BC. It appears that the Samnites later took over the Oscan town in the 5th century BC


Taken over by the Romans:: The town was destroyed by Sulla on 30 April 89 BC during the Social War, a revolt by many of Rome's allies in the area

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